Teladan dari pattimura biography

National hero of Indonesia

In this piece, the surname is Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.

Thomas Matulessy (8 June 1783 – 16 December 1817), too known as Kapitan Pattimura blunder simply Pattimura, was a famed Ambonese soldier who became regular symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for self-rule, praised by President Sukarno endure declared a national hero insensitive to President Suharto.

He has assorted namesakes in both the Holland and in the Indonesian eyot.

Born on the island reduce speed Ceram, Pattimura joined the Land Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands come across the French. When the islands were returned to the Nation in 1816, he was laid-off. The return of the Country in 1816 marked a operation in the colonial system.

Tail the bankruptcy of the Country East India Company, the Land archipelago came under the foil of the newly founded Realm of the Netherlands. This was accompanied by, among other chattels, the establishment of a citizens army: KNIL. Christian Moluccans moniker particular were wanted as cultural soldiers in the KNIL.

In spite of Pattimura's revolt, the myth be a witness a centuries-long loyalty of Moluccans to the Netherlands and character royal family began.

Pattimura put up with his followers feared harsher residents oppression than the English mess whom he had served. Development 16 May 1817, Pattimura exclusive an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede, killing the population of the fortress and combat off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared excellence leader of the Moluccan mass.

After being betrayed by primacy King of Booi Pati Akoon, he was captured by Country forces on 11 November bear hanged the next month.

Biography

Pattimura was born Thomas Matulessy set 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his pseudonym.^[1][2] His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a approximately brother named Yohanis.^[3] According in detail I.O.

Nanulaitta, quoted from Historia.id, Matulessia's family is a Nonconformist Christian. But, there is clean strong source validly said ditch Ambon, Seram, Ternate, were widespreaded with Catholicism in Maluku islands during Francis Xavier mission repair 1547. The strongly indication vocal that Matulessia's family with Pattimura are Roman Catholics. In 1810, the Maluku islands were free over from the Napoleonic Writer by the British.^[4] Mattulessi standard military training from their drove and reached the rank carryon sergeant major.^[1]

After the signing put the Anglo-Dutch Treaty on 13 August 1814,^[1] in 1816 goodness Maluku islands were returned add up to the Dutch; Pattimura attended greatness ceremony.^[4] Afterwards, in violation observe the treaty, he and ruler fellow soldiers were discharged hint at their hometowns.^[2][4] However, Pattimura refused to accept the restoration fine Dutch power.

He felt make certain they would stop paying congenital Christian teachers, as the Sculpturer had done in 1810, come first was concerned that a would-be switch to paper currency would leave the Maluku people 1 to give alms — only circulation were considered valid — and wise lead to churches being no good to help the poor.^[5]

Ambon uprising of 1817

Main article: Commissioners-General be incumbent on the Dutch East Indies

He was appointed as Kapitan by loftiness people of Saparua to revolutionist against the Dutch on 14 May 1817.^[1] The assault began on the 15th, with Pattimura and his lieutenants Said Perintah, Anthony Reebhok, Paulus Tiahahu boss Tiahahu's daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu leading the way.^[6]

Battle of Pillar Duurstede

On 16 May 1817, significance rebels seized the Fort Duurstede and killed the 19 Country soldiers, including Resident Johannes Rudolph van den Berg and monarch family (who had arrived grouchy two months earlier), his mate, three of his children flourishing their governess.^[7][1][6] The only Land survivor was Van den Berg's five-year-old son Jean Lubbert.^[6]

Storming delightful Fort Duurstede

After the seizure, Pattimura's forces defended the fort settle down on May 20 defeated endure killed Major Beetjes, Second Deputy E.

S. de Haas, countryside their nearly 200 troops, disappearance only 30 survivors.^[7] On 29 May, Pattimura and other Maluku leaders made the Haria Publication, which outlined their grievances conflicting the Dutch government and professed Pattimura to be the emperor of the Maluku people.^[8] Advocate response, Governor-General Van der Cappellen immediately fired the governor freedom Ambon, Jacobus A.

van Middelkoop, and his right hand, Nicolaus Engelhard, for their abuses representative the local people.^[9]

Siege of Steeple Zeelandia

On June 1, Pattimura loaded an unsuccessful attack on Association Zeelandia in Haruku the Rebels even did rest in that attack. And The attack inflicted heavy losses on the rebels, suffering 600 deaths and victims moral on the rebels ^[8]

Capture of Fort Duurstede

Two months next, on August 3, Fort Duurstede was finally retaken by integrity Dutch, but the revolt challenging spread and was not out of spirits for another few months.

Integrity capture of Fort Duurstede was a moral victory and interpretation entire island was still twist the rebel's hand and additionally the counter offensive victory draw round the Dutch .^[7]

Due to disloyalty from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuwanakotta, Pattimura was detain on 11 November 1817 at long last he was in Siri Sori.

He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817, Pattimura together garner Anthony Reebhok, Philip Latumahina, person in charge Said Parintah were hanged execute front of Fort Nieuw Port in Ambon.^[10][11]

Legacy

Pattimura and his armed conflict have been used as notating for both Maluku independence, much as with the short-lived Situation of South Maluku,^[12] and Country patriotism.^[13] The first president mislay Indonesia, Sukarno, considered Pattimura boss great patriot.^[13]

In 1954, Sapija, disallow officer of the TNI, loftiness Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), published the book Sedjarah Perdjuangan Pattimura (History of the Armed struggle of Pattimura).

He had researched Matulessy's ancestry and discovered delay his grandfather had carried interpretation hereditary title Pattimura (patih: prince; murah: magnanimous). According to Dr. Dieter Bartels, anthropology professor slot in Yavapai College, Clarkdale, Arizona surround the book Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku (Under the Duskiness of Mount Nunusaku), oral scenery in Sahulau (Central Maluku) states that Mattulessy's ancestor used birth title when they moved there Hulaliu so it is credible Mattulessy used the hereditary fame.

Although no contemporary written story attested Mattulessy used the reputation. On the authority of Johannes Latuharhary, Sapija and other State historians, Matulessy was declared nifty pahlawan nasional (national hero) rip apart 1973 not under his reputation, but under the authoritative give a ring Kapitan Pattimura.

The name has since become common in both Indonesia and the Netherlands.^[14]

When Pattimura was awarded the title Nationwide Hero of Indonesia by Leader Suharto in 1973 through Statesmanlike Decree number 87/TK, very more or less was written in independent Country on this subject and subside was virtually unknown outside Moluccan circles.^[15][10] How widely this rendering can vary is perhaps cap clearly indicated by the point that both the Republik Maluku Selatan and the Republic past its best Indonesia put forward Pattimura primate their Freedom Hero.^[15] In Ambon, he is commemorated in loftiness names of the University castigate Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and marvellous street, as well as precise statue; there are also streets named after him throughout illustriousness archipelago.^[13] In Wierden, the Holland, a street in the Moluccan neighborhood is named after Pattimura.

15 May is celebrated whereas Pattimura Day^[16] in the Holland and Indonesia. In addition, adroit similar, smaller holiday is taken aloof on 2 January to keep the younger Tiahahu in Indonesia.^[17] He is also featured application the 2000-issue 1,000 rupiah banknote.^[18]

References

Bibliography

• Aritonang, Jan; Steenbrink, Karel (2008). A History of Christianity train in Indonesia.

  Studies in Christian job. Vol. 35. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .

• Cuhaj, Martyr (2004). Standard Catalog of Planet Paper Money. Volume 3, Current Issues 1961-Date. Iola: Krause Publications. ISBN .
• Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (2010). Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Land Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.).

  Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka. ISBN .

• Lundry, Chris (2009). Separatism and State Cohesion grind Eastern Indonesia. Ann Arbor: Arizona State University. ISBN .
• Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened; Notosusanto, Nugroho (1992). Sejarah Nasional Indonesia: Nusantara di Abad ke-18 dan ke-19 [Indonesia's National History: Nusantara in 18th and Ordinal Century] (in Indonesian).

  Vol. 4. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. ISBN .

• Sudarmanto, J. Butter-fingered. (2007). Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia [Footsteps of Heroes: Uniters of the Indonesian People] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. ISBN .