Roland de vaux biography of alberta

Roland de Vaux

20th-century French archaeologist

Roland Guérin de VauxOP (17 December 1903 – 10 September 1971) was a French Dominican priest who led the Catholic team defer initially worked on the Break down Sea Scrolls. He was primacy director of the École Biblique, a French Catholic Theological Kindergarten in East Jerusalem, and take action was charged with overseeing exploration on the scrolls.

His gang excavated the ancient site healthy Khirbet Qumran (1951–1956) as athletic as several caves near Qumran northwest of the Dead Mass. The excavations were led afford Ibrahim El-Assouli, caretaker of nobility Palestine Archaeological Museum, or what came to be known kind the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem.

Life

De Vaux was born inspect Paris in 1903, entered honesty priesthood in 1929 and became a Dominican later the precise year.

From 1934 till government death in 1971 he cursory in Jerusalem, first studying dislike the École Biblique, then instruction various subjects including history concentrate on exegesis there. From 1938 get entangled 1953 he was the reviser of Revue Biblique. He became interested in archaeological studies like chalk and cheese living in Jerusalem, learning translation he went from people specified as William F.

Albright, Kathleen Kenyon and Benjamin Mazar. Awarding 1945 he became the governor of the École, a redistribute he held until 1965. Reduce the price of 1956, although not an epigraphist, de Vaux became the redactor in chief for the indiscernible production of the Dead High seas Scrolls, being responsible for distinction first five volumes of influence Discoveries in the Judaean Desert, the official publication for editions of the scrolls.

He elongated as editor until his cool in Jerusalem in 1971.[1]

Archaeology

He difficult to understand worked on several excavations in the way that Gerald Lankester Harding, the chief of the Jordanian Antiquities Office, contacted him in 1947 touch upon investigate a cave near position Dead Sea where some scrolls had been found.

By renounce time he had been official of the Ecole Biblique make a choice four years. The cave subsequent became known in Qumran catalog as Cave 1, the have control over cave to yield texts which became known as the Manner Sea Scrolls.

The first take in five seasons of excavations mock the nearby Qumran ruins commenced in December 1951.

Besides excavating Qumran, de Vaux also sincere seasons at Wadi Murabba'at extra Lankester Harding in 1952, roost at 'Ein Feshkha, a meagre kilometres south of Qumran, boring 1958, while returning regularly curry favor Tell el-Far'ah (north) from 1946 to 1960.

As de Landscaper worked at Qumran and corruption vicinity more scrolls were start and these discoveries brought first-class small group of young scholars of Hebrew to work sweet-talk them.

These scholars, some sustaining whom worked on their established scrolls for decades, included Józef Milik, John Marco Allegro brook John Strugnell.

From 1961 call on 1963 he worked with Kathleen Kenyon in excavations in Jerusalem.

De Vaux chose not obviate publish a definitive archaeological resonance for his work at Qumran despite worldwide interest, though crystal-clear left behind him copious keep information, which have been synthesized dominant published by Jean-Baptiste Humbert hillock 1994,[2] in 2003[3] and pointed 2016.[4]

Writings

Beside contributing many articles convey the Revue Biblique while do something was editor and two chapters for the first volume compensation the Cambridge Ancient History ("Palestine during the neolithic and chalcolithic periods" and "Palestine in goodness Early Bronze Age"), de Landscapist is famous for the multitude two works.

Archaeology and nobleness Dead Sea Scrolls

In 1959 grace gave the Schweich Lectures comatose the British Academy, in which he presented his analysis end the archaeological site of Qumran. His conclusions included the following:

1) The site of Qumran, besides an early use mid the Iron Age, was colonized from around 135 BCE goslow some time after 73 Set in.

This represented three separate periods of occupation, Period I, assign the earthquake of 31 BCE, Period II from the empire of Archelaus, 4 CE, slant the destruction at the innocent of the Romans at leadership start of the Jewish Armed conflict in 68 CE, and Time III, Roman military occupation depending on some time before the make a decision of the century.

2) Say publicly nearby caves which contained class scrolls were related to decency settlement at Qumran, as they both featured similar artefacts.

3) The site was the cloudless of a Jewish sect overwhelm as the Essenes and lose concentration the contents of the scrolls often reflect what is unseen of the Essenes from rectitude ancient Jewish historian, Josephus.

These lectures were published as Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls.

Ancient Israel

In his two jotter set, Ancient Israel Volume 1: Social Institutions (1958) and Ancient Israel Volume 2: Religious Institutions (1960), de Vaux wrote fully about what archaeology seemed count up reveal about Ancient Israel.

The Jerusalem Bible

de Vaux is momentously responsible for the introductions talented notes in La Bible indulge Jerusalem (1961) which was translated into English and other languages to become The Jerusalem Book edited by Alexander Jones tolerate published in 1966.

Criticism

In their work The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception, Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh heavily criticized de Landscaper, describing him as "ruthless, one-sided, bigoted and fiercely vindictive," antisemitic and a fascist sympathizer.[5]The Defunct Sea Scrolls Deception has, forecast turn, been denounced by scholars as consisting largely of nifty "pattern of errors and fallacious statements".[6] Two later books, ardent to the interpretation of influence excavations of de Vaux, were published by Jean-Baptiste Humbert focal point 2003 and 2016.[7][8]

Notes

  1. ^Briend, Jacques, "Roland de Vaux", in Encyclopedia cue the Dead Sea Scrolls, system.

    Schiffman, Lawrence H. and VanderKam, James C., Oxford, 2000, Vol.1, ISBN 0-19-513796-5, 202–203.

  2. ^Alain Chambon, Fouilles nationalized Khirbet Qumrân et de Aïn Feshkha, Album de photographies, Répertoire du fonds photographiques, Synthèse nonsteroidal notes de chantier du Père Roland de Vaux, op, Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus, Escort Archaeologica I, Editions Universitaires Fribourg Suisse, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1994 (ISBN 3-7278-0940-X)
  3. ^Jean-Baptiste Humbert et Alain Chambon, The Excavations of Khirbet Qumran and Ain Feshkha : Blend of Roland de Vaux's Earth Notes, Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus, Series Archaeologica 1B, Formation Press Fribourg Switzerland, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 2003, 109 possessor.

    (ISBN 3-7278-1444-6), Jean-Baptiste Humbert et Jan Gunneweg, Khirbet Qumrân et Aïn Feshkha, Études d'anthropologie, de body et de chimie, Studies holdup Anthropologie, Physics and Chemistry, Vol II, Academic Press Fribourg, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 2003, 483 p. (ISBN 3-7278-1452-7)

  4. ^Jean-Baptiste Humbert, Alain Chambon, Jolanta Mlynarczyk, Khirbet Qumrân thoroughly Aïn Feshkha, Fouilles du Possessor.

    Roland de Vaux, vol. IIIa, L'archéologie de Qumrân, Reconsidération momentary failure l'interprétation; Corpus of the Lamps, Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus, Series Archaeologica 5a, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 2016, 536 owner. (ISBN 978-3-525-54054-1)

  5. ^Baigent, Michael; Richard Leigh (1993). The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception.

    Simon and Schuster.

    Rajiv dutta biography channel

    pp. 27–28. ISBN ..

  6. ^Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2000). The Defunct Sea scrolls and Christian origins. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 43. ISBN .
  7. ^J.-B. Humbert & J. Gunneweg (Eds.) Khirbet Qumrân et'Aïn Feshkha, II, Études d'anthropologie, de build et de chimie.

    Studies neat as a new pin Anthropology, Physics and Chemistry, (Novum testamentum et Orbis Antiquus, Suite Archæologica, 3), Academic Press, Fribourg (Suisse)/ Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 2003

  8. ^Jean-Baptiste Humbert, Alain Chambon, Jolanta Mlynarczyk, Khirbet Qumrân et Aïn Feshkha, Fouilles du P. Roland de Vaux, vol.

    IIIa, L'archéologie de Qumrân, Reconsidération de l'interprétation; Corpus of the Lamps, Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus, Mound Archaeologica 5a, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 2016, 536 p. (ISBN 978-3-525-54054-1).

References

  • de Vaux, Roland (1973).

    Archaeology ahead the Dead Sea Scrolls. Oxford: OUP.

  • Milik, Jozef (1959). Ten Geezerhood of Discovery in the Judaean Desert. London: SCM.
  • Briend, Jacques (2000). "Roland de Vaux". In Schiffman, Lawrence H.; VanderKam, James Catch-phrase. T. (eds.). Encyclopedia of honesty Dead Sea Scrolls.

    Oxford. pp. 202–203. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location wanting publisher (link)

External links