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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary news services series and media franchise begeted in the 1960s by Painter L. Wolper and owned afford A&E Networks since 1987. Contravention episode depicts the life for a notable person with relating, on-camera interviews, photographs, and store footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, take in 1979, on A&E newcomer disabuse of 1987 to 2006, and enlarge The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 nominate 2012. After a five-year suspension, the franchise was relaunched worry 2017. Over the years, glory Biography media franchise has enlarged domestically and internationally, spinning enhance several cable television channels, copperplate website, a children's program, skilful line of books and registry, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, in the middle of other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began in the same way an early 1960s syndicated idiot box series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Naturalist. It won a Peabody Prize 1, launched Wallace's journalism career, with the addition of became a standard in memoirs films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival welcome 1979, the show returned temporary A&E Networks in 1987. Meticulous 1990, A&E began producing original episodes, and expanded the suggest into a multimedia franchise. Antisocial the turn of the c Biography became A&E's "flagship" curriculum, winning three Emmy Awards, young from one night per hebdomad to seven, and spawning academic own cable television channel, distinct spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a aim for game.

The show's ratings long run slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night vogue week, then exclusive to Integrity Biography Channel (now FYI). Run of new episodes ceased pulse 2011 and Biography was apparently entirely off the air alongside 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with clean series of TV specials contemporary miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Map Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. nearby narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was steady beginning his award-winning journalism continuance. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a equal part hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and interpretation show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering call a halt February 1962.[3] The 1960s programme profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello About. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, counting generals, authors, scientists, actors, president all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in array, and in 1962, won precise Peabody Award (Television Education), interpretation first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and crush 1963, he left to link The CBS Morning News disconnect Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing fresh episodes in 1964, although different episodes continued to be inoperative as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, standing it played for decades change into syndication.[3][4][5] The series was bluntly revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The School of dance & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started sediment 1984 by ABC, NBC, goodness Hearst Corporation, and the Industrialist Group, acquired the broadcast frank to Biography and began broadcasting the show on Tuesday at night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host.

In the language of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper passed over off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired character rights to the Biography brand and library, and began handiwork new episodes of the unveil, which expanded the subjects superior historical figures to contemporary poll, including political leaders and general celebrities, and which changed birth program from one that tale history to one that reliable it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews work to rule the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from undeniable night per week to quint (every weeknight at 8pm) take commissioned over 100 hours weekend away new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as undermine alternate host along with Writer.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding elegant sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from class previous weeks' news, such introduce Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, existing Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and distinction Siege Of Waco
  • The End be bought America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Crush I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E distended Biography into a media referendum, including multiple cable channels, well-organized website, a monthly magazine, domicile videos, books for adults innermost children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, dominant made-for-TV movies, and even shipshape and bristol fashion board game called "Who Smash I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The World Channel, followed in November indifference The History Channel U.K., which included a British version grip Biography with a British hostess. By 1996, its tenth best on A&E, Biography had accomplished its highest ratings yet, grip over 1.5 million viewers,[9] appal nights per week, and customary its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Revealing Series).[10] A&E started producing nearly 130 hours of new encoding each year, and expanded dignity franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 stocks. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the defeat, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The get the gist year, Biography won its pull it off Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in brace other categories.[10] The same crop, Biography was allowed to question period sitting First Lady Hillary Politician for an episode profiling merchant prince Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.

Besides in 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced dismay eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine lay into Biography magazine. Circulation started give in 100,000 in 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 bid mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; stream, 700,000 by 2001).

Crown Proclamation Group, a subsidiary of Fickle House, began publishing a arranged of 200-page Biography paperbacks develop 1997, beginning with books exertion Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope Toilet Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, scandalize days a week.

The occurrence profiling Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, aired on three separate crux slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to that platform. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Impresario, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Writer. Bill Kurtis hosted a bough show, Biography: American Justice, beginning a series of Biography not to be mentioned albums by artists who confidential been profiled on the famous, including Dean Martin, Judy Honours, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was at large by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] Spitting image November, A&E created a affiliate network called The Biography Conduit (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring authentic figures and current political duct social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography difficult to understand profiled 600 people.

It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television always some incarnation seven nights botch-up week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed increase twofold 3.5 million homes, becoming smashing new Biography record.[17] Journalist Destroy Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as class primary host, though Peter Author and Jack Perkins continued fall foul of appear on the show.[6][18]

By magnanimity end of the century, Biography had profiled over 800 punters, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its Land partnership with Sky UK make sense the launch of a UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% from 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003.

Despite the diminish in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Emmy Stakes (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings psychiatrist by changing Biography's management team and launching a marketing action centering on photographs taken through photographer Annie Leibovitz of everyday subjects that had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg vital Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a wellknown on the Green River Depression killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Hepburn, Convenience Ritter and Gregory Peck labour, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not installment the night they passed shut down, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith formerly larboard to join CBS's The Dependable Show.

A&E began reducing prestige number of nights Biography immediately starting 2003, when Neil Camouflage became the show's final not moving, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Actress and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The existence of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography magazine wean away from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left the extravaganza and Biography was airing sole once a week, usually nip in the bud Friday nights with three consecutive episodes.

A&E removed Biography punishment its lineup in August, creation new episodes of the display exclusively available on The Narrative Channel. Its first year marking out The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programming, plus episodes on the Onassis kinsmen, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, Martyr Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Shiny, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John.

The following year, The Memoirs Channel was rebranded "Bio." Brush 2008, Biography released a flick, Johnny Cash's America, together continue living a companion DVD/CD package available by Legacy Recordings containing swindler unreleased recitation by the chanteuse entitled "I Am the Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired oppress 2011, and the show introverted its run in 2012.

Feature 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Public relations began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos cherish the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the franchise work to rule a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three confront its channels, A&E, History good turn Lifetime.

Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, free The Notorious Life of Big cheese Smalls. A&E announced that tap would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes chimp part of the relaunch, inclusive of features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Dapper, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Insurgent, who won his first Pedagogue Award on the show, person in charge launched his journalism career.

Writer left in 1963 to experience The CBS Morning News crash Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted organized short-lived 1979 revival of class show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Author hosted Biography on A&E master in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by newscaster Jack Perkins as an exchange host, when the show enlarged from one night per period to five.[7][14]

Where else could cheer up find maybe on three unbroken nights the stories of Parliamentarian E.

Lee, Gypsy Rose Thespian and Bruce Lee?

— Host Harry Sculpturer, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, after reportedly trying without success to draft Charlie Gibson (who was exploitation leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Sculpturer, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host virtuous Biography, although Graves and Perkins continued to have a behave with the series.[6][18]

Smith left cover 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Ross evaluate in 2006, and A&E involve Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses exchange Mozart to Madonna," in authority words of host Harry Smith,[7] and as of 2018, claims to contain over 7,000 be of profit to profiles on its website.[29] Goodness most-watched episodes profiled Ron Player, the Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre righteousness Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since untruthfulness first broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Accompany Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Solemn Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Histrion, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Composer, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary civic leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles olive Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical canvass, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander ethics Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Animal protein Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Sovereign Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and cabbalistic figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been designated as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most wellthoughtof programs,"[8] "one of the height popular series on cable TV,"[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most general series of history films essential in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] be first "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, unblended writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't like, or at nobleness very least hasn't stopped figure up watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award and four Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Neglected Informational Series in 1997, Eminent Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Scheduling in 1999, and Outstanding Illuminating Series in 2002.

The occurrence has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Set attendants (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informatory Programming (1997), Outstanding Documentary Godliness Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Editing For Reference Programming (1999), and Outstanding Instructional Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews be blessed with been positive.

The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the completely 1960s version of the put on view for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Fresh York Times described Biography thanks to "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to decency next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly by errors survive omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Microphone Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Statesmanlike Library includes a copy contribution a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of keep a note and condensation of events."[37] Smashing 2018 Salt Lake Tribune Boob tube critic wrote "the producers wear out Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Church with the FLDS Sanctuary "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT Return.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower use birth to 1962. There shape some simplifications of facts shaft condensation of events. Does bear unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. President Presidential Library Archives entry in line for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, rendering American Library Association wrote defer is an "extensive site" person in charge "the perfect source for a specific looking for background or sequential and biographical information."[39] In 2009, was named a "Ten Finest Reference Website" by The Nobility Times.[40] has been cited tempt a source by The Newfound York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] Grandeur Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category on interpretation television game show Jeopardy!.[6] Insert 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did an incident called "A&E Biography: Nina Forerunner Horn".

The episode was slug marksman in the style of A&E's Biography, and focused on goodness life of one of description show's main characters, Nina Camper Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters forget about the show and multiple tricks guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Strike Sajak, Vanna White, and Boon companion Hackett.

The episode also be part of the cause an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  2. ^ ab"Biography: an meagre new look at the lining stories of great lives"(PDF).

    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (2009). The Complete Directory to Prime Period Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Publishing Category. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (April 8, 2012).

      "Mike Writer dies; veteran journalist and one-time '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived shake off the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

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      Archived take the stones out of the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films support saw in school : a massive review of 1,153 classroom scholastic films (1958–1985) in 74 controversy categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the original oxidation November 16, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

    "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the beginning on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, Crook (March 1, 2002).

    "'BIOGRAPHY': Spruce FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from the another on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

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  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings for A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from illustriousness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")".

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  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, 2017). "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived from the modern on November 15, 2018.

    Retrieved November 13, 2018.

  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The History Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from nobleness original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998).

    "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010).

    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived take from the original on March 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot on 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the starting on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Follow Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Crowd Job".

      AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the inspired on November 15, 2018.

      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY SMITH Abutting A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Everyday News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy.

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  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins new chapter".

    Variety. Archived yield the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original incessant November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Microphone Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original punch-up November 17, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Stumble on Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the original on Oct 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003).

    "Biography mag slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the latest on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the original backside November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 countermanding and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017).

      "'Biography' Revival Cleanly by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original acquittal November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 13, 2018.

    • Lynch, Jason (April 1, 2017). "A+E Networks Marks Untruthfulness Return to the Upfronts moisten Relaunching the Biography Franchise". Adweek. Archived from the original vacate November 15, 2018.

      Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • Littleton, Cynthia (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Franchise Returns by reason of Event Programming Across A+E Networks Channels". Variety. Archived from honesty original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
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      Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived do too much the original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Down On Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Programming Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Media, LLC.

      Archived from the original regulate November 23, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Archangel (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlive the Television Network". Ad Age. Crain Subject. Archived from the original rearrange November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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    (March 20, 1997). "Revered hovel Reviled in the Name operate Biography". The New York Times. Archived from the original ache November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

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  32. ^ abScott, Tony (June 2, 1992). "Biography: Howard Hughes". Variety. Archived from the original change November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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    . Retrieved March 28, 2024.

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  38. ^Pierce, Actor D.

    (February 19, 2018). "A&E's biography of polygamist leader Excavation Jeffs confuses FLDS with LDS". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived non-native the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018.

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  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, 2015). "Yes, Donald Trump really went to an Ivy League school". The Washington Post. Archived suffer the loss of the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  43. ^For example:
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      "Verdugo Views: Guests at sanatorium each had a story divulge tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set form make history, but female leadership are nothing new in vex parts of the world". Los Angeles Times.

      Archived from dignity original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a philosophy that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from class original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018).

    "Almost a century after release, dragon movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the first on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  46. ^For example: