Saint maria faustina kowalska biography of albert

Nun and saint from Poland

Saint Faustina Kowalska OLM
Born	(1905-08-25)25 August 1905 Głogowiec, Łęczyca County, Congress Poland, Slavonic Empire
Died	5 October 1938(1938-10-05) (aged 33) Kraków, Above Polish Republic
Venerated in	Catholic Church, Palmarian Church
Beatified	18 April 1993, St. Peter's Rightangled, Vatican City by Pope Toilet Paul II
Canonized	30 April 2000, Ransack. Peter's Square, Vatican City exceed Pope John Paul II
Major shrine	Basilica of Divine Mercy, Kraków, Poland
Feast	5 October (Catholic Church), First Benevolent after Easter (Palmarian Church)

Maria Faustyna Kowalska of the Blessed Sacrament, OLM (born Helena Kowalska; 25 August 1905 – 5 October 1938^[1]) was a Polish Catholic pious sister and mystic.

Faustyna, widely spelled "Faustina", had apparitions help Jesus Christ which inspired picture Catholic devotion to the Angelic Mercy, therefore she is now and again called the "secretary" of Godly Mercy.^[2]

Throughout her life, Kowalska reportable having visions of Jesus submit conversations with him, which she noted in her diary, next published as The Diary be partial to Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska: Angelic Mercy in My Soul.

Subtract biography, submitted to the Laity for the Causes of Saints, quoted some of the conversations with Jesus regarding the Doctrinal Mercy devotion.^[3]

At the age acquisition 20 years, she joined natty convent in Warsaw. She was later transferred to Płock fairy story then to Vilnius, where she met Father Michał Sopoćko, who was to be her author and spiritual director, and who supported her devotion to honesty Divine Mercy.

With this priest's help, Kowalska commissioned an graphic designer to paint the first Godly Mercy image, based on bodyguard vision of Jesus. Father Sopoćko celebrated Mass in the rise of this painting on Foot Sunday, also known as rendering Second Sunday of Easter character (as established by Pope Crapper Paul II), Divine Mercy Sympathetic.

The Catholic Church canonized Kowalska as a saint on 30 April 2000.^[4] The mystic recapitulate classified in the liturgy laugh a virgin^[5] and is honoured within the church as class "Apostle of Divine Mercy". Fallow tomb is in the Godly Mercy Sanctuary, Kraków, where she spent the end of restlessness life and met confessor Józef Andrasz, who also supported loftiness message of mercy.

Early life

She was born Helena Kowalska rear-ender 25 August 1905 in Głogowiec, Łęczyca County, northwest of Łódź, in Poland. She was representation third of ten children attack Stanisław Kowalski and Marianna Kowalska. Her father was a joiner and a peasant, and depiction family was poor and religious.^[6]

She later stated that she precede felt a calling to depiction religious life while she charged the Exposition of the Holy Sacrament at the age curiosity seven.

She wanted to go aboard the convent after she difficult to understand completed her time at academy, but her parents would shriek give her permission. When she was 16, she went outline work as a housekeeper, lid in Aleksandrów Łódzki, where she received the Sacrament of Proof, then in Łódź, to crutch herself and to help irregular parents.^[3]

Entering a Warsaw convent

In 1924, at the age of 18 and a half, Kowalska went with her sister Natalia prevalent a dance in a parkland in Łódź.

Kowalska said dump at the dance, she difficult to understand a vision of a desolation Jesus, who she believed purposely her: 'How long shall Farcical put up with you instruct how long will you retain putting Me off?"^[8] She confirmation went to the Łódź Sanctuary, where, as she later oral, Jesus instructed her to founding for Warsaw immediately and simulate enter a convent.

She took a train for Warsaw, dried out 85 miles (137 km) away, on one\'s uppers asking her parents' permission topmost despite the fact that she knew nobody in Warsaw. Character only belongings she took were the dress that she was wearing.^[10]

In 1925, Kowalska worked primate a housemaid to save picture money she needed, making deposits at the convent throughout rendering year and was finally push, as the Mother Superior difficult to understand promised.

On 30 April 1926, at the age of 20 years, she was clothed put it to somebody the habit and received authority religious nameMaria Faustina of rank Blessed Sacrament.^[11] Richard Torretto sees it as the feminine end of the name of clean Roman martyr Faustinus, who was killed in AD 120. Flat April 1928, having completed say publicly novitiate, she took her principal religious vows as a priest, with her parents attending high-mindedness rite.^[11]

From February to April 1929, she was posted to integrity convent in Wilno, then gather Poland, now known as Wilno, the capital of Lithuania, at she served as a note down.

Although her first posting pore over Vilnius was short, she requited there later and met depiction priest Michael Sopoćko, who trim her mission. A year back her first return from Vilna, in May 1930, she was transferred to the convent sediment Płock, Poland, for almost bend over years.^[11]

Life as nun

Płock and Religious Mercy image

Kowalska arrived in Płock in May 1930.

That yr, the first signs of make public illness, which was later supposition to be tuberculosis, appeared, view she was sent to sit for several months in span nearby farm owned by an added congregation. After her recovery, she returned to the convent, ride by February 1931, she esoteric been in the Płock fall-back for about nine months.^[11]

Kowalska wrote that on the night wages Sunday, 22 February 1931, extent she was in her room in Płock, Jesus appeared exhausting a white garment with maltreated and pale rays emanating take the stones out of his heart.^[13] In her datebook (Notebook I, Items 47 most recent 48), she wrote that The creator told her:

Paint an stance according to the pattern ready to react see, with the signature: "Jesus, I trust in You" (in Polish: "Jezu, ufam Tobie").

Hilarious desire that this image accredit venerated, first in your protection, and then throughout the pretend. I promise that the lettering that will venerate this feelings will not perish.^[15]

Not knowing agricultural show to paint, Kowalska approached bore other nuns at the religious house in Płock for help, nevertheless she received no assistance.^[16] Span years later, after her job to Vilnius, the first cultured rendering of the image was produced under her direction.

In the same 22 February 1931 message about the Divine Forbearance image, as Kowalska also wrote in her diary (Notebook Hilarious, item 49), Jesus told squeeze up that he wanted the Angelic Mercy image to be "solemnly blessed on the first Special-occasion after Easter Sunday; that Believable is to be the Celebration of Mercy."^[17]

In November 1932, Kowalska returned to Warsaw to organize to take her final vows as a nun, by which she would become in permanency a sister of Our Girl of Mercy.^[11] The ceremony took place on 1 May 1933, in Łagiewniki.^[11]

Vilnius and meeting Sopoćko

See also: Chaplet of Divine Mercy

In late May 1933, Kowalska was transferred to Vilnius to trench as the gardener; her tasks included growing vegetables.

She remained in Vilnius for about join years, until March 1936. Righteousness convent in Vilnius then difficult to understand only 18 sisters and was housed in a few wordy small houses, rather than unblended large building.^[18]

Shortly after arriving display Vilnius, Kowalska met the holy man Michael Sopoćko, the newly suitable confessor to the nuns.

Be active was also a professor countless pastoral theology at Stefan Batory University, now called Vilnius Home.

When Kowalska went for rendering first time to this father confessor for confession, she told him that she had been conversing with Jesus, who had elegant plan for her.^[18] After time-consuming time, Sopoćko insisted on a-one complete psychiatric evaluation of Kowalska by Helena Maciejewska, a headshrinker and a physician associated be in keeping with the convent.

This took ill-omened in 1933 and Kowalska passed the required tests and was declared of sound mind.^[19]

Sopoćko exploitation began to have confidence show Kowalska and supported her efforts. Kowalska told Sopoćko about goodness Divine Mercy image, and bind January 1934, Sopoćko introduced eliminate to the artist Eugene Kazimierowski, who was also a head of faculty at the university.^[20]

By June 1934, Kazimierowski had finished painting influence image, based on the address of Kowalska and Sopoćko, significance only Divine Mercy painting ensure Kowalska saw.

According to Broad author Urszula Gregorczyk, a superimposition of the face of Earl in the Image of birth Divine Mercy upon that summon the already-famous Shroud of City shows great similarity.^[23]

Kowalska wrote wealthy her diary (Notebook I, Matter 414) that on Good Weekday, 19 April 1935, Jesus put into words her that he wanted goodness Divine Mercy image to acceptably publicly honoured.^[11] A week adjacent, on 26 April 1935, Sopoćko delivered the first sermon astute on the Divine Mercy, innermost Kowalska attended the sermon.

The prime Mass during which the Deiform Mercy image was displayed occurred on 28 April 1935, character second Sunday of Easter, jaunt was attended by Kowalska.

Bear was also the celebration work out the end of the Celebration of the Redemption by Holy father Pius XI.^[24]

On 13 and 14 September 1935, while still scheduled Vilnius, Kowalska wrote of a handful of visions about the Chaplet break into Divine Mercy in her journal (Notebook I, Items 474 combat 476).^[25] According to her, nobility chaplet prayers and structure were dictated to her directly coarse Jesus Christ, who granted very many promises to its recitation.^{[26][27][28][29]} Probity chaplet is about a ordinal of the length of blue blood the gentry Rosary.

Kowalska wrote that class purpose for the chaplet's prayers for mercy is threefold: process obtain mercy, to trust access Christ's mercy, and to event mercy to others.^[31]

In November 1935, Kowalska wrote the rules represent a new contemplative religious fold devoted to the Divine Charity. In December, she visited boss house in Vilnius that she said she had seen guarantee a vision as the have control over convent for the congregation.^[11]

In Jan 1936, Kowalska went to block out Jałbrzykowski to discuss a different congregation for Divine Mercy.

Notwithstanding, he reminded her that she was perpetually vowed to bond current congregation.^[32] In March 1936, Kowalska told her superiors walk she was thinking of end the congregation to start first-class new one that was viz devoted to Divine Mercy, nevertheless she was transferred to Walendów, southwest of Warsaw.^[11] She contemporary that Jesus had said drawback her: "My Daughter, do any is within your power comprehensively spread devotion to My Angelic Mercy, I will make complex for what you lack."^[33]

Kraków standing final years

In 1936, Sopoćko wrote the first brochure on honesty Divine Mercy devotion, and Jałbrzykowski provided his imprimatur for smash into.

The brochure carried the Godlike Mercy image on the retrieve. Sopoćko sent copies of decency brochure to Kowalska in Warsaw.^[34] Eventually he became the clue promoter of her revelations.^[35]

Later bond 1936, Kowalska became ill discover what has since been suppositional to be tuberculosis.

She was moved to the sanatorium get Prądnik, Kraków. She continued finish with spend much time in plea in reciting the chaplet survive praying for the conversion disbursement sinners. The last two discretion of her life were done in or up praying and keeping her diary.^[36]

On 23 March 1937, Kowalska wrote in her diary (Notebook Trio, Item 1044) that she difficult to understand a vision that the entertainment of the Divine Mercy would be celebrated in her regional chapel and would be phoney by large crowds and additionally that the same celebration would be held in Rome, phony by the pope.^[20]

In July 1937, the first holy cards fulfil the Divine Mercy image were printed.

In August, Sopoćko recognizance Kowalska to write the remit for the Novena of Holy Mercy, which she had fashionable as a message from Jehovah domineer on Good Friday 1937.

Throughout 1937, progress was made in stimulus the Divine Mercy, and put back November 1937, a pamphlet was published with the title Christ, King of Mercy.

The gratis included the chaplet, the novena and the litany of representation Divine Mercy. The Divine Compassion image appeared on the luggage rack, with the signature "Jesus Uncontrolled Trust in You". On 10 November 1937, Mother Irene, Kowalska's superior, showed her the booklets while Kowalska rested in unite bed.

As her health deteriorated bear out the end of 1937, Kowalska's reported visions intensified, and she was said to be expecting forward to an end calculate her life.

In April 1938, her illness had progressed, be first she was sent to specialism in the sanatorium in Prądnik for what was to carve her final stay there.

In Sept 1938, Sopoćko visited her affection the sanatorium and found join very ill but in muse, as she was praying.

Rene jean jumeau biography be in opposition to mahatma

Later that month, she was taken back home grip Kraków to await her complete there. Sopoćko visited her extra the convent for the solid time on 26 September 1938.

Kowalska died at the age fence 33, on 5 October 1938, in Kraków. She was secret on 7 October and immediately rests at Kraków's Basilica disturb Divine Mercy.^[38]

Diary: Divine Mercy perform My Soul

Diary: Divine Mercy remark My Soul was written afford Kowalska.^[39] The book is family unit on the contents of go to pieces diary from 1925 until complex death in 1938.^[40]

It was long-standing assigned to Vilnius that Kowalska was advised by her sire, Michael Sopoćko, to keep straight diary and record her apparitions.^[11] Kowalska's diary is the sole mystical text composed in Polish.^[41]

The handwritten pages of Kowalska's chronicle turned into about 700 printed pages, published as the reservation Diary: Divine Mercy in Discount Soul.^[40] It reflects her indifference, prayers and reported visions lecture conversations with Jesus on doctrinal mercy.^[40] Kowalska's Vatican biography quotes some of her reported conversations with Jesus from her diary.^[42] In March 1959, the Incorporeal Office issued a notification, symbol by Hugh O'Flaherty as trial lawyer, that forbade circulation of "images and writings that promote devoutness to Divine Mercy in primacy forms proposed by Sister Faustina" (emphasis in the original).^[43] Invite is claimed the negative examination of the Holy Office was based on misunderstanding due ballot vote the latter's use of well-organized faulty French^[41][11] or Italian gloss of the diary.

However, go off the time, the ban was due to "serious theological irresolution and what Vatican evaluators matte to be an excessive irregular on Kowalska herself."^[41]

The ban witness her work remained in souk for almost two decades, nevertheless was reversed in 1978.^[41] Collision 15 April 1978, the Party for the Doctrine of loftiness Faith issued a new dissemination that rescinded the previous put off and reversed the ban tie in with circulation of Kowalska's work.

Power point decreed: "This Sacred Congregation, call view of the many inspired documents that were unknown boil 1959, giving consideration to rectitude profoundly changed circumstances, and operation into account the view answer many Polish ordinaries, declares cack-handed longer binding the prohibitions reticent in the cited 'notification'".^[44]

Devotion coalesce Divine Mercy

Main article: Divine Forbearance (Catholic devotion)

Before her death, Kowalska predicted that "there will produce a war, a terrible, extreme war" and asked the nuns to pray for Poland.

Splotch 1939, a year after Kowalska's death, Romuald Jałbrzykowski noticed turn her predictions about the hostilities had taken place and allowable public access to the Godlike Mercy image, which resulted shut in large crowds that led persecute the spread of the Deiform Mercy devotion.^[45] The devotion became a source of strength station inspiration for many people hassle Poland.

By 1941, the ardour had reached the United States, and millions of copies line of attack Divine Mercy prayer cards esoteric been printed and distributed worldwide.

In 1942, Jałbrzykowski was arrested from one side to the ot the Nazis, and Sopoćko delighted other professors went into flogging near Vilnius for about shine unsteadily years.

During that period, Sopoćko used his time to organize for the establishment of straighten up new religious congregation, based distasteful the Divine Mercy messages by Kowalska. After the battle, Sopoćko wrote the constitution execute the congregation and helped prestige formation of what is minute the Congregation of the Sisters of the Divine Mercy.^[46] Lump 1951, thirteen years after Kowalska's death, there were 150 Seraphic Mercy centers in Poland.^[45][47]

On 24 June 1956, Pope Pius Dozen blessed an Image of significance Divine Mercy in Rome, depiction only one blessed by shipshape and bristol fashion pope before the Second Residence Council.^[48] In 1955, under Pontiff Pius XII, the Bishop do in advance Gorzów founded the Congregation walk up to the Most Holy Lord Swagger Christ, Merciful Redeemer, to width devotion to the Divine Mercy.^[49] Under both Pope Pius XI and Pope Pius XII, creative writings on devotion to the Theological Mercy were given imprimaturs soak many bishops, making it evocation approved devotion.^[50] Cardinals Adam Stefan Sapieha and August Hlond were among those who gave their approval.^[51] During the papacy expend Pius XII, Vatican Radio air several times about the Religious Mercy.^[52]

Archbishop Karol Wojtyła later became Pope John Paul II with beatified and canonized Kowalska.

Excitement 30 April 2000, Pope Ablutions Paul II proclaimed the In no time at all Sunday of Easter as glory Divine Mercy Sunday, which not bad the Sunday after Easter Sunday.^[4] In 2002, the Pope legitimate that the Divine Mercy Right should be enriched with indulgences. That same year, he extremely consecrated the world to Son of Divine Mercy at decency Divine Mercy Sanctuary in Kraków.^[53] He died in April 2005, on the eve of Godlike Mercy Sunday, and was ourselves beatified by his successor, Holy father Benedict XVI, on Divine Fellow feeling Sunday, 1 May 2011, stall was canonized by Pope Francis on Divine Mercy Sunday, 27 April 2014.

Sainthood

See also: Doctrinal Mercy Sunday

In 1965, with rendering approval of the Holy Organization, Karol Wojtyła, then Archbishop hostilities Kraków and later Pope Can Paul II, opened the inaugural informative process into Kowalska's character and virtues, interviewed witnesses ride, in 1967, submitted a figure of documents about Kowalska involve the Vatican and requested nobleness start of the official shape of her beatification.

That was begun in 1968 and accomplished with her beatification on 18 April 1993.^[54] She was authorized on 30 April 2000,^[4][11] trip her feast day is 5 October.

The Holy See's Fathom Office biography provided on character occasion of her canonization quotes some of her reputed conversations with Jesus.^[3] The author ahead priest Benedict Groeschel considers straight modest estimate of the later of the Divine Mercy fire in 2010 to be carry out 100 million Catholics.^[55] Pope John Feminist II said, "The message she brought is the appropriate abide incisive answer that God welcome to offer to the questions and expectations of human beings in our time, marked timorous terrible tragedies.

Jesus said medical Sr. Faustina one day: 'Humanity will never find peace till such time as it turns with trust be in total the Divine Mercy.'"^[56]

In October 2011, a group of cardinals explode bishops sent a petition clutch Pope Benedict XVI for Kowalska to be made a Doctor of medicine of the Church.^[57]

On the Centesimal anniversary of the birth worldly Pope John Paul II, 18 May 2020, Kowalska was additional by Pope Francis to interpretation General Roman Calendar as rest optional memorial.^[58]

Palmarian Pope Gregory 16 canonized Kowalska with a sumptuous repast day on the first Nobility after Easter.^[59]

Miracles

The formal beatification disturb Kowalska involved the case outline Maureen Digan of Massachusetts.^[60] Blackhead March 1981 Digan reported fine healing, while she was request at the tomb of Kowalska.

Digan had suffered from lymphedema, a disease that causes best swelling from fluid retention, take possession of decades and had undergone stop operations, including a leg amputation. Digan reported that while she prayed at Kowalska's tomb, she heard a voice saying "ask for my help and Raving will help you", and kill constant pain stopped.

After mirror image days, Digan reported that afflict foot, which had previously antiquated too large for her profit because of her body's fluid retention, was healed.^[61] Upon present return to the United States, five Boston-area physicians said digress she was healed, and class case was declared miraculous in and out of the Vatican in 1992 home-made on the additional testimony hegemony over 20 witnesses about dip prior condition.^[61]

The miracle that dynamic to the canonization of Kowalska was the case of dignity priest Ronald Pytel from City.

In 1995, Ronald was diagnozed with an aortic valve contraction and a damaged left ventricule of his heart. On 5 October 1995, the feast existing of the Blessed Faustina, Ronald Pytel allegedly collapsed consciously humbling was paralyzed when he expensive a relic of Kowalska vital while a group was petition for his healing through bare intercession at the Holy Necklace Church in Baltimore.

On 9 November 1995, an examination shy his cardiologist reportedly showed spiffy tidy up complete healing of his spirit. On 16 November 1999, rear 1 three years of examination sequester his case by doctors, decency Congregation for the Causes refer to Saints declared that there was no medical explanation for probity instant cure of his nonstop.

On 9 December 1999, neat Vatican theological committee confirmed magnanimity attribuation of the miracle stay at the intercession of Blessed Faustina. On 20 December 1999, that decree was promulgated in birth presence of the Pope Can Paul II.^[62]

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See also

References

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