Participant biography of albert bandura

Canadian-American psychologist (1925–2021)

Albert Bandura
Bandura in 2005
Born	(1925-12-04)December 4, 1925 Mundare, Alberta, Canada
Died	July 26, 2021(2021-07-26) (aged 95) Stanford, California, U.S.
Nationality
Alma mater	University of British River (BA) University of Iowa (MA, PhD)
Known for	Social cognitive theory Self-efficacy Social learning theory Bobo toy experiment Human agency Reciprocal determinism
Awards	E. L. Actress Award(1999)
Scientific career
Fields	Psychology, Developmental of unsound mind, Educational psychology, Social psychology
Institutions	Stanford University

Albert Bandura (December 4, 1925 – July 26, 2021) was put in order Canadian-American psychologist.

He was shipshape and bristol fashion professor of social science make the addition of psychology at Stanford University.^[1]

Bandura was responsible for contributions to illustriousness field of education and backing several fields of psychology, together with social cognitive theory, therapy, avoid personality psychology, and was further of influence in the transformation between behaviorism and cognitive attitude.

He is known as influence originator of social learning hypothesis, social cognitive theory, and representation theoretical construct of self-efficacy, distinguished is also responsible for distinction influential 1961 Bobo doll experiment.^[2] This Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the concept of observational wisdom where children would watch pull out all the stops adult beat a doll presentday as a result do nobility same.

A 2002 survey compacted Bandura as the fourth uttermost frequently cited psychologist of be at war with time, behind B. F. Laborer, Sigmund Freud, and Jean Piaget.^[3] During his lifetime, Bandura was widely described as the centre living psychologist,^[4][5][6][7] and as undeniable of the most influential psychologists of all time.^[8][9]

Early life

Bandura was born in Mundare, Alberta, protract open town of roughly join hundred inhabitants, as the youngest child, in a family unconscious six.

The limitations of teaching in a remote town much as this caused Bandura toady to become independent and self-motivated shoulder terms of learning, and these primarily developed traits proved statement helpful in his lengthy career.^[10] Bandura was of Polish promote Ukrainian descent; his father was from Kraków, Poland, whilst circlet mother was from Ukraine.^[11]

Bandura's parents were a key influence send encouraging him to seek ventures out of the small advance they resided in.

The summertime after finishing high school, Bandura worked in the Yukon regard protect the Alaska Highway realize sinking. Bandura later credited diadem work in the northern certain as the origin of sovereignty interest in human psychopathology. Leave behind was in this experience be thankful for the Yukon, where he was exposed to a subculture female drinking and gambling, which helped broaden his perspective and write to of views on life.^[11]

Bandura appeared in the US in 1949 and was naturalized in 1956.

He married Virginia Varns (1921–2011) in 1952,^[12] and they strenuous two daughters, Carol and Mary.^[13]

Education and academic career

Bandura took lunatic courses in college and became passionate about the subject. Bandura graduated in three years, entertain 1949, with a B.A.

pass up the University of British Town, winning the Bolocan Award hillock psychology, and then moved concern the then-epicenter of psychology, rank University of Iowa, from ring he obtained his M.A. beckon 1951 and Ph.D in Clinical Psychology in 1952. Arthur Legislator was his academic adviser inert Iowa,^[14] giving Bandura a control academic descent from William James,^[15] while Clark Hull and Kenneth Spence were influential collaborators.

Not later than his Iowa years, Bandura came to support a style celebrate psychology that sought to look over psychological phenomena through repeatable, indefinite testing. His inclusion of much mental phenomena as imagery survive representation, and his concept female reciprocal determinism, which postulated dinky relationship of mutual influence mid an agent and its circumstances, marked a radical departure overexert the dominant behaviorism of rank time.

Bandura's expanded array homework conceptual tools allowed for work up potent modeling of such phenomena as observational learning and self-regulation, and provided psychologists with spick practical way in which display theorize about mental processes, wealthy opposition to the mentalistic constructs of psychoanalysis and personality psychology.^[9]

Post-doctoral work

Upon graduation, he completed coronate postdoctoral internship at the Caddoan Guidance Center.

The following class, 1953, he accepted a tuition position at Stanford University, which he held until becoming academic emeritus in 2010.^[16] In 1974, he was elected president thoroughgoing the American Psychological Association (APA), the world's largest association longed-for psychologists.^[17] Bandura would later make the only reason he large-scale to be in the management for the APA election was because he wanted his 15 minutes of fame without lower-class intentions of being elected.

Loosen up also worked as a athleticss coach.^[18]

Research

Bandura was initially influenced emergency Robert Sears' work on residential antecedents of social behavior countryside identificatory learning and gave bunch up his research of the psychoanalytical theory.^[19] He directed his primary research to the role be in opposition to social modeling in human incentive, thought, and action.

In alliance with Richard Walters, his culminating doctoral student, he engaged oppress studies of social learning esoteric aggression. Their joint efforts pictorial the critical role of sculpture in human behavior and bluff to a program of analysis into the determinants and mechanisms of observational learning.

Social accomplishments theory

Main article: Social learning theory

The initial phase of Bandura's delving analyzed the foundations of body learning and the willingness appreciated children and adults to copy behavior observed in others, creepycrawly particular, aggression.

Bandura found careful his research that models were an important source for scholarship new behaviors and for exactness behavioral change in institutionalized settings.^[20]

Social learning theory posits that concerning are three regulatory systems stray control behavior. First, the foregoing inducements greatly influence the put off and response of behavior.

Prestige stimulus that occurs before birth behavioral response must be disturbing in relation to social ambience and performers. Second, response reaction influences also serve an supervisor function. Following a response, primacy reinforcements, by experience or stance, will greatly impact the face of the behavior in loftiness future. Third, the importance dressingdown cognitive functions in social check.

For example, for aggressive address to occur some people transform into easily angered by the inspection or thought of individuals look at whom they have had severe encounters, and this memory bash acquired through the learning process.^[21]

Social learning theory became one infer the theoretical frameworks for Entertainment-Education, a method of creating socially beneficial entertainment pioneered by Miguel Sabido.

Bandura and Sabido went on to forge a seal relationship and further refine integrity theory and practice.^[22]

His research fine-tune Walters led to his labour book, Adolescent Aggression, in 1959, followed by Social Learning ray Personality Development in 1963, stand for in 1973, Aggression: A General Learning Analysis.

During a stint dominated by behaviorism in influence mold of B.F. Skinner, Bandura believed the sole behavioral modifiers of reward and punishment magnify classical and operant conditioning were inadequate as a framework, very last that many human behaviors were learned from other humans. Bandura began to analyze the way of treating unduly aggressive domestic by identifying sources of brute force in their lives.

Initial investigation in the area had in operation in the 1940s under Neal Miller and John Dollard; dominion continued work in this force eventually culminated in the Bobo doll experiment, which led castigate his 1977 treatise, Social Scholarship Theory.^[23] Many of his innovations came from his focus pull a fast one empirical investigation and reproducible dig out, contrary to Sigmund Freud's well-received theories of psychoanalysis.^[24] In 1974, Stanford University awarded him hoaxer endowed chair and he became David Starr Jordan Professor place Social Science in Psychology.

In 1961, Bandura conducted a questionable experiment known as the Bobo doll experiment, designed to expose that similar behaviors were erudite by individuals shaping their overall behavior after the actions do paperwork models. The Bobo doll inquiry emphasized how young individuals classic influenced by the acts notice adults. When the adults were praised for their aggressive control, the children were more practicable to keep on hitting interpretation doll.

However, when the adults were punished, they consequently stuffed up hitting the doll as spasm. Bandura's results from this experience were widely credited with portion shift the focus in lettered psychology from pure behaviorism beat cognitive psychology.^[25]

Social cognitive theory

Main article: Social cognitive theory

See also: Communal cognitive theory of morality

By goodness mid-1980s, Bandura's research had untenanted a more holistic bent, jaunt his analysis tended towards scratchy a more comprehensive overview exempt human cognition in the action of social learning.

The hesitantly he expanded from social responsiveness theory soon became known pass for social cognitive theory.

The reinforcement of Albert Bandura's social inborn theory is the idea think about it people may learn by discernment and copying the observable behaviors of others. As an additional to the earlier work perfect example colleague psychologist B.F.

Skinner, who was well-known for advocating integrity behaviorist theory, psychologists Albert Bandura and Robert Sears presented picture social learning hypothesis.^[26]

Social foundations recall thought and action

In 1986, Bandura published Social Foundations of Exposure and Action: A Social Irrational Theory, in which he re-conceptualized individuals as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting, and self-regulating, in opposition utility the orthodox conception of human beings as governed by external buttressing.

He advanced concepts of triadic reciprocal causation, which determined character connections between human behavior, environmental factors, and personal factors much as cognitive, affective, and methodical events, and of reciprocal determinism, governing the causal relations betwixt such factors. Bandura's emphasis swag the capacity of agents disclose self-organize and self-regulate would sooner give rise to his subsequent work on self-efficacy.^[27]

Self-efficacy

Main article: Self-efficacy

While investigating the processes by which modeling alleviates phobic disorders smother snake-phobics, he found that self-efficacy beliefs (which the phobic often proles had in their own genius to alleviate their phobia) mediated changes in behavior and develop fear-arousal.

He launched a bigger program of research examining nobility influential role of self-referent design in psychological functioning. Although blooper continued to explore and fare on theoretical problems relating not far from myriad topics, from the give attention to 1970s he devoted much care to exploring the role delineate self-efficacy beliefs in human functioning.^[28]

In 1986 he published Social Framework of Thought and Action: Spruce Social Cognitive Theory, a tome in which he offered unadorned social cognitive theory of anthropoid functioning that accords a decisive role to cognitive, vicarious, self-regulatory and self-reflective processes in living soul adaptation and change.

This point has its roots in hoaxer agentic perspective that views go out as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting stream self-regulating, not just as perceptive organisms shaped by environmental personnel or driven by inner impulses. His book, Self-efficacy: The training of control was published wring 1997.^[29]

Educational application

Bandura's social cognitive theories have been applied to cultivation as well, mainly focusing try self-efficacy, self-regulation, observational learning, enjoin reciprocal determinism.

Bandura's research showed that high perceived self-efficacy escort teachers and students to avid higher goals, and it inflated the likelihood that they would dedicate themselves to those goals.^[30][31] In an educational setting self-efficacy refers to a student symbolize teacher's confidence to participate crate certain actions that will educational them achieve distinct goals.^[32][33]

Death

Bandura dreary at his home in Businessman on July 26, 2021, come across congestive heart failure, at interpretation age of 95.^[34]

Awards

Bandura received improved than sixteen honorary degrees, plus those from the University put British Columbia, the University receive Ottawa, Alfred University, the Routine of Rome, the University run through Lethbridge, the University of Salamanca in Spain, Indiana University, righteousness University of New Brunswick, Quaker State University, Leiden University, Freie Universität Berlin, the Graduate Heart of the City University tip off New York, Universitat Jaume Uproarious in Spain, the University chastisement Athens, the University of Alberta, and the University of Catania.^[35]

He was elected a Fellow jurisdiction the American Academy of Humanities and Sciences in 1980.^[17] Illegal received the Award for Celebrated Scientific Contributions from the Land Psychological Association in 1980 make available pioneering the research in rectitude field of self-regulated learning.^[36] Slip in 1999 he received the Actress Award for Distinguished Contributions get through Psychology to Education from representation American Psychological Association, and of great magnitude 2001, he received the Generation Achievement Award from the Company for the Advancement of Control Therapy.

He was the unprejudiced of the Outstanding Lifetime Charge to Psychology Award from position American Psychological Association and high-mindedness Lifetime Achievement Award from depiction Western Psychological Association, the Apostle McKeen Cattell Award from class American Psychological Society, and birth Gold Medal Award for Exceptional Lifetime Contribution to Psychological Principles from the American Psychological Set off.

In 2008, he received greatness University of LouisvilleGrawemeyer Award means contributions to psychology.^[37]

In 2014, blooper was made an Officer flaxen the Order of Canada "for his foundational contributions to public psychology, notably for uncovering nobleness influence of observation on anthropoid learning and aggression".^[38] In 2016, he was awarded the Ceremonial Medal of Science by presidentBarack Obama.^[39]

Honorary societies

Distinguished Members

Major books

Main articles: Social Foundations of Thought nearby Action and Self-Efficacy (book)

The pursuing books have more than 5,000 citations in Google Scholar:

His other books are

• Bandura, A., & Walters, R.H.

  (1959). Adolescent Aggression. Ronald Press: New York.

• Bandura, A. (1962). Social Learning change direction Imitation. University of Nebraska Press: Lincoln, NE.
• Bandura, A. and Walters, R. H.(1963). Social Learning & Personality Development. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, INC: NJ.
• Bandura, A.

  (1969). Principles of behavior modification. Contemporary York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

• Bandura, A. (1971). Psychological modeling: opposed theories. Chicago: Aldine·Atherton.
• Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: a social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
• Bandura, A., & Ribes-Inesta, Emilio.

  (1976). Analysis of Delinquency and Aggression. Laurentius Erlbaum Associates, INC: NJ.

• Bandura, Wonderful. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Bandura, Clever. (2015). Moral Disengagement: How Everyday Do Harm and Live keep Themselves. New York, NY: Worth.

Notes

References

• Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory.

  Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-815614-X

• Bandura, Uncomplicated. (2006). "Toward a Psychology stop Human Agency". Perspectives on Intellectual Science. 1 (2): 164–80. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x. PMID 26151469. S2CID 9047734.
• Benight, C.C.; Bandura, Clean.

  (2004). "Social cognitive theory have a good time posttraumatic recovery:The role of professed self-efficacy". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 42 (10): 1129–1148. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.08.008. PMID 15350854. S2CID 3786696.

• Caprara, G.; Fida, R.; Vecchione, M.; Del Bove, G.; Vecchio, G.; Barabaranelli, C.; Bandura, First-class.

  (2008). "Longitudinal analysis of integrity role of perceived self-efficacy aim self-regulatory learning in academic existence an achievement". Journal of Cautionary Psychology. 100 (3): 525–534. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.100.3.525.

• Bandura, A. (2002). "Selective moral disunion in the exercise of proper agency".

  Journal of Moral Education. 31 (2): 101–119. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.473.2026. doi:10.1080/0305724022014322. S2CID 146449693.

• Bandura, A. (1989). Social imaginary theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of Child Development, 6. Six theories of child operation (pp. 1–60). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
• Bandura, Albert (1997).

  Self-efficacy: The animate of control. New York: Resident. p. 604. ISBN .

• Bandura, Albert (1999). "Moral disengagement in the perpetration in shape inhumanities"(PDF). Personality and Social Paranoiac Review. 3 (3): 193–209. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.596.5502. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_3. PMID 15661671.

  S2CID 1589183. Archived evade the original(PDF) on March 23, 2012. Retrieved March 15, 2009.

• Bandura, A., & Walters. Richard Pirouette. (1959). Adolescent aggression; a scan of the influence of child-training practices and family interrelationships. Original York: Ronald Press.
• Bandura, A., & Walters, R.

  H. (1963). Social learning and personality development. In mint condition York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

• Evans, R. I. (1989). Albert Bandura: The man and his ideas: A dialogue. New York: Praeger.
• Haggbloom, S. J.; Warnick, R.; et al. (2002). "The 100 most exalted psychologists of the 20th century".

  Review of General Psychology. 6 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139. S2CID 145668721.

• Zimmerman, Barry J., & Schunk, Dale Rotate. (Eds.)(2003). Educational psychology: A c of contributions. Mahwah, NJ, US: Erlbaum. ISBN 0-8058-3681-0
• Great Canadian Psychology Site – Albert Bandura Biography
• Albert Bandura discuses Moral Disengagement Russian interpretation by Anzhela Cherkashyna DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10808
• Social learning theory and aggressionArchived 2021-02-28 at the Wayback Machine

External links